He was born in Paris on 8/7/1930. He was an outstanding figure of the French theater in the 20th century, especially with respect to its decentralization. He worked with major artists, such as Gérard Philippe, Brigitte Bardot, Jean-Louis Barrault, Jean-Luc Godard, Samuel Beckett, Günther Grass, Michel Simon, etc. In 1960, he won the French contest for new theater groups, directing Nikos Kazantzakis' Melissa. From 1960 to 2005, he directed various theater groups and/or theaters, such as Studio des Champs-Élysées (1960-63), Théâtre de Poche Montparnasse (1964-66), the Drama Center in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille (1967-75), the Orleans Theater (1980-82), the Opera of Nancy and Lorraine (1982-86), the Soirées d'été in Gordes (1994-2000), and the Tarascone Theater (2002-05). From 1957 to 1988, he played as an actor in 16 films and he directed one. From 1956 to 2004, he played as an actor in 12 theater plays. From 1956 to 2010, he directed in France 18 operas and 67 theater plays. In 1963, he received the Grand Prix du théâtre du Syndicat de la critique for his stage direction of Brecht's play In the Jungle of Cities [Im Dickicht der Städte/Dans la jungle des villes]. He died on 21/5/2013. He collaborated with the GNO on one occasion, directing Brecht's opera Thais, which was staged in 1993-94.